OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

Which statements best describe the characteristics of meristematic cells?

1. They are all specialized

2. They have the ability to divide and become various types of cells

3. They are primarily located in mature tissues

4. They cannot undergo division

The correct answer is: They have the ability to divide and become various types of cells

Meristematic cells are characterized by their ability to divide and differentiate into various types of cells, which is fundamental to the growth of plants. These cells are typically found in specific regions of a plant, such as the tips of roots and shoots, where they contribute to the plant's vertical and lateral growth. The capacity of meristematic cells to divide means they can produce new cells that will eventually become specialized for different functions within the plant, such as forming leaves, stems, or roots. This characteristic of being undifferentiated and capable of further division distinguishes meristematic cells from specialized cells, which have already undergone differentiation to perform specific roles. Consequently, while some cells may specialize over time, meristematic cells retain the potential to develop into a variety of cell types, which is essential for the ongoing growth and repair of plant tissues.