OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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Which of the following describes eukaryotes?

  1. Simple cells with no nucleus

  2. Complex organisms with a defined nucleus

  3. Bacteria-like structures

  4. Cells without any DNA

The correct answer is: Complex organisms with a defined nucleus

Eukaryotes are characterized by their complex cellular structure, which includes a defined nucleus that houses their DNA. This nuclear membrane separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm, allowing for more organized processes of gene expression and replication. Additionally, eukaryotic cells often possess various organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which contribute to their complexity and functionality. This differentiated structure supports the diverse range of functions necessary for complex life forms, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists, all of which are classified as eukaryotes. The clarity of having a nucleus is a fundamental distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the latter of which are typically simpler and lack a true nucleus.

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