OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What substance do plants primarily produce during photosynthesis?

Starch
Chlorophyll
Oxygen
Glucose

The correct answer is: Glucose

During photosynthesis, plants primarily produce glucose, which is a simple sugar that serves as a crucial energy source for the plant. This process occurs in the chloroplasts, where sunlight is harnessed to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Glucose can be used immediately for energy or can be converted into starch for storage, allowing the plant to manage its energy needs effectively over time. While oxygen is also produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, the main goal of the process is to synthesize glucose, which is essential for the plant's growth and cellular respiration. Chlorophyll plays a vital role in absorbing light energy but is not a product of photosynthesis.