OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the role of a gene probe in genetic fingerprinting?

To amplify DNA samples
To bind to specific DNA sequences
To separate DNA strands
To catalyze chemical reactions

The correct answer is: To bind to specific DNA sequences

In genetic fingerprinting, a gene probe plays a crucial role by binding to specific DNA sequences. This process involves the use of labeled DNA or RNA fragments that are complementary to the target sequences in the DNA being analyzed. When a gene probe is introduced to a mixture containing DNA fragments, it will hybridize, or attach, to its complementary sequence. This binding is vital for identifying particular genetic markers that can be used to differentiate individuals based on their unique DNA profiles. The ability of the gene probe to specifically bind ensures that only the target sequences are detected, thereby allowing researchers to accurately analyze genetic variations. This precise matching is what makes gene probes integral to the process of genetic fingerprinting, which is often used in forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic research.