OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the basic structure of a plant, starting from a cell?

Stem cell -> Root tissue -> Leaf -> Photosynthesis system -> Plant
Xylem cell -> Xylem tissue -> Leaf -> Photosynthesis system -> Plant
Leaf cell -> Root system -> Stem -> Organism
Xylem cell -> Leaf -> Flower -> Seed -> Plant

The correct answer is: Xylem cell -> Xylem tissue -> Leaf -> Photosynthesis system -> Plant

The basic structure of a plant begins with specialized cells, such as xylem cells, which are essential for the plant's water and nutrient transport system. These xylem cells group together to form xylem tissue, which plays a critical role in moving water from the roots to other parts of the plant. Following the xylem tissue, the plant can develop leaves, where photosynthesis occurs, allowing the plant to convert light energy into chemical energy. The inclusion of the photosynthesis system in the option recognizes the importance of this process for the overall function of the plant, as it provides energy and organic materials needed for growth and development. From there, the entire structure is considered a plant. The other options present sequences that do not align with the fundamental organizational hierarchy of plant biology. For instance, combining root and stem elements in different orders or misplacing the roles of cells and tissues in the development of the whole plant leads to inaccuracies in the depiction of plant structure.