OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What is one major symptom of poorly controlled diabetes?

1. Increased energy levels

2. Frequent urination

3. Improved vision

4. Weight gain

The correct answer is: Frequent urination

Frequent urination is a major symptom of poorly controlled diabetes due to the presence of high blood glucose levels. When blood sugar levels are elevated, the kidneys work to filter out the excess glucose from the blood, which leads to the production of more urine. This process is known as osmotic diuresis. As the body tries to excrete this excess glucose, it pulls water along with it, resulting in increased urine output. In contrast, increased energy levels, improved vision, and weight gain are not typical symptoms associated with poorly controlled diabetes. In fact, people with poorly managed diabetes often experience fatigue and may have blurred vision due to fluctuating blood glucose levels. Weight changes can vary; some individuals lose weight, particularly if they are experiencing insulin resistance. Therefore, frequent urination serves as a clear indicator of the body struggling to manage blood sugar effectively.