OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is an example of an involuntary response in humans?

Writing an essay
Putting on a jacket
Choking
Taking a step back

The correct answer is: Choking

Choking is an involuntary response in humans because it occurs automatically when something irritates the throat or obstructs the airway. This reflex action is controlled by the brainstem, which manages many involuntary functions of the body. When a person chokes, the body reacts quickly to expel the obstructing object, typically through coughing or gagging, illustrating the body's instinctive ability to protect itself without needing conscious thought. In contrast, writing an essay and putting on a jacket require conscious control and decision-making, as these actions are performed intentionally based on a person's goals. Taking a step back, while it can be a reflexive action in response to danger, generally also involves some level of conscious awareness and decision-making to execute an intentional movement away from a stimulus. Therefore, choking stands out as the most clear example of an involuntary response among the options provided.