OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What do xylem and phloem do within a plant?

Store water and nutrients
Transport nutrients throughout the plant
Conduct photosynthesis
Provide structural support to stems

The correct answer is: Transport nutrients throughout the plant

Xylem and phloem play crucial roles in the plant's vascular system, primarily associated with the transport of substances. Xylem is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals absorbed from the soil upwards from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant. In contrast, phloem transports the products of photosynthesis, mainly sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are needed for growth, storage, or energy. Given this functional division, the choice highlighting the transport of nutrients is accurate, as it encompasses the roles of both xylem and phloem in the movement of essential substances throughout the plant. This transportation system is vital for a plant's overall health, growth, and ability to perform photosynthesis effectively.