OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What can be a consequence of soil erosion caused by overgrazing?

Increased fertility of the land
Loss of topsoil which supports plant growth
Improvement in local biodiversity
Reduction of invasive species

The correct answer is: Loss of topsoil which supports plant growth

The loss of topsoil caused by soil erosion is a significant consequence of overgrazing. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it essential for healthy plant growth. When overgrazing occurs, vegetation is reduced, leaving the soil bare and vulnerable to erosion from wind and water. Without the protective cover of plants, the top layer of soil can be washed or blown away, leading to a decline in soil quality and fertility. This loss of topsoil ultimately hinders the ability of plants to grow and thrive, which can have cascading effects on the local ecosystem, including reduced food sources for animals, diminished habitat, and overall decreased productivity of the land.