OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What are the three separate growth stages of the cell cycle referred to as?

G1, S, and G2
G, S, and G2
G1, G2, and M
S, M, and G2

The correct answer is: G, S, and G2

The three separate growth stages of the cell cycle are referred to as G1, S, and G2. During G1 (Gap 1), the cell grows and carries out regular metabolic functions, preparing for DNA synthesis. In the S phase (Synthesis), the DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes. Following this, in G2 (Gap 2), the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis, checking the duplicated chromosomes for any damage and ensuring all the necessary components for cell division are present. Option B, which suggests the sequence of G, S, and G2, does not accurately reflect the correct naming convention, as "G" is not standard. While option C includes G1, G2, and M, it introduces M (mitosis) instead of S and does not primarily focus on the growth phases. Option D, listing S, M, and G2, overlooks the initial growth stage (G1) and incorrectly includes M as one of the growth stages. Therefore, the correct designation of the growth stages specifically is indeed G1, S, and G2.