OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

How is memory best defined?

1. The ability to store and retrieve information

2. The ability to learn new languages

3. The ability to memorize facts

4. The ability to forget unnecessary details

The correct answer is: The ability to store and retrieve information

Memory is best defined as the ability to store and retrieve information because it encompasses the entire process of how we encode, store, and access information. It allows individuals to retain knowledge and experiences over time and to recall them when needed. This definition captures the essence of what memory entails, going beyond simply memorizing facts or learning languages, which are specific aspects of memory function. Other options, while related to memory, do not fully encompass its broader definition. For instance, memorizing facts is just one part of memory and does not reflect the full capabilities of how memory operates. Similarly, the ability to learn new languages involves memory but also encompasses other cognitive skills like comprehension and language processing. Finally, the ability to forget unnecessary details, while a feature of memory that aids in managing cognitive load, does not define memory itself. Instead, it highlights a function of memory that can be beneficial.